{
"id": "C04",
"title": "2024 ACS Subject Definitions",
"organization": "U.S. Census Bureau",
"date": "2024",
"url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2024_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdf",
"locator": "Language Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English",
"type": "official methodology",
"local": "research/raw/acs-definitions.pdf",
"use": "Definition and limitations of language concepts",
"accessed": "2026-10-22"
}
{
"id": "C06",
"title": "Examining Multilingualism in the United States Using ACS Language Write-ins",
"organization": "Daniela Mejía, U.S. Census Bureau",
"date": "2024-04",
"url": "https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/newsroom/press-kits/2024/paa/paa2024-poster-multilingualism-acs-language-write-ins.pdf",
"locator": "Background and data; methods; research disclaimer",
"type": "research conference poster; not peer-reviewed article",
"local": "research/raw/multilingual-writeins.pdf",
"use": "Standard coding cannot describe full language repertoires",
"accessed": "2026-10-22"
}
California Department of Education · live data portal
Locator: English learner and enrollment reports
District statistics require school year and exact population definition
Full reference and retrieval details
https://www.cde.ca.gov/Ds/ad/dataquest.asp
{
"id": "C11",
"title": "DataQuest",
"organization": "California Department of Education",
"date": "live data portal",
"url": "https://www.cde.ca.gov/Ds/ad/dataquest.asp",
"locator": "English learner and enrollment reports",
"type": "official education data portal",
"use": "District statistics require school year and exact population definition",
"accessed": "2026-10-22"
}
Printed p11 language-count list has an ambiguous denominator alongside chart labeled EL that includes English; do not reuse as a verified EL/all-student distribution. Superseded plan; not current procedural authority.
{
"id": "D01",
"publisher": "Castro Valley Unified School District",
"title": "2021–2024 Plan for English Language Learners",
"url": "https://files.smartsites.parentsquare.com/8941/2021-2024_plan_for_english_language_learners.pdf",
"period": "2021–2024 plan; chart observations 2020–21",
"accessed": "2026-10-22",
"locator": "Printed pp.9–11 charts (PDF pp.10–12); printed pp.19–20 identification and HLS (PDF pp.20–21)",
"type": "district plan",
"status": "downloaded and chart pages visually inspected",
"localFile": "cvusd-2021-2024-plan.pdf",
"supports": [
"Historical English language acquisition status percentages",
"Four-dimensional home language survey"
],
"limitations": "Printed p11 language-count list has an ambiguous denominator alongside chart labeled EL that includes English; do not reuse as a verified EL/all-student distribution. Superseded plan; not current procedural authority.",
"organization": "Castro Valley Unified School District",
"date": "2021–2024 plan; chart observations 2020–21"
}
EL-only; excludes IFEP/RFEP, general English-only and parent language preferences; 44 District Office rows with 166 EL records retained; seven TK records in selected data; no sampling margins of error.
{
"id": "D02",
"publisher": "California Department of Education",
"title": "English Learners by Grade & Language — elsch25",
"url": "https://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/dlfile/dlfile.aspx?cLevel=School&cYear=2025-26&cCat=EL&cPage=fileselsch",
"landingUrl": "https://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/ad/fileselsch.asp",
"published": "2026-04-16",
"period": "2025–26",
"accessed": "2026-10-22",
"type": "administrative TSV dataset",
"status": "downloaded and computed",
"localFile": "elsch25.txt",
"sha256": "656fa33260bcecaf8e2f0713b1aebd22ae67ae3e5250b9052789f05473b29e40",
"unit": "students classified EL, by school and reported language",
"geography": "school/district county attribution; nine selected counties",
"supports": [
"Regional, county and district EL counts by language"
],
"limitations": "EL-only; excludes IFEP/RFEP, general English-only and parent language preferences; 44 District Office rows with 166 EL records retained; seven TK records in selected data; no sampling margins of error.",
"organization": "California Department of Education",
"date": "2025–26"
}
Local HTML is a Radware challenge, not dictionary. Dictionary says LC width 2; actual 2025–26 data uses 3-character codes, so parse tabs rather than fixed width.
Full reference and retrieval details
https://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/ad/fselsch.asp
{
"id": "D03",
"publisher": "California Department of Education",
"title": "File Structure: ELs by Grade & Language",
"url": "https://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/ad/fselsch.asp",
"updated": "2026-04-10",
"accessed": "2026-10-22",
"locator": "File structure table",
"type": "data dictionary",
"status": "read via search-indexed primary text; direct retrieval challenge",
"localFile": "cde-fselsch.html",
"supports": [
"TOTAL_EL and grade fields definitions",
"CDS and language code fields"
],
"limitations": "Local HTML is a Radware challenge, not dictionary. Dictionary says LC width 2; actual 2025–26 data uses 3-character codes, so parse tabs rather than fixed width.",
"organization": "California Department of Education",
"date": "2026-04-10"
}
{
"id": "D04",
"publisher": "CALPADS",
"title": "Primary Language — CALPADS User Manual",
"url": "https://documentation.calpads.org/Glossary/EnglishLanguageAcquisitionData/PrimaryLanguage/",
"accessed": "2026-10-22",
"locator": "Primary Language definition, three paragraphs",
"type": "official documentation",
"status": "read",
"supports": [
"Primary language recorded from early/home language information",
"Administrative field intended to remain stable during school career"
],
"limitations": "Does not measure current dominant language, second-language ability or parent communication preference.",
"organization": "CALPADS",
"date": "accessed 2026-10-22"
}
{
"id": "D05",
"publisher": "San Leandro Unified School District",
"title": "EL Master Plan: Chapter 1 — Initial Identification, Assessment & Placement",
"url": "https://www.slusd.us/english-learner-master-plan/el-master-plan-chapters/el-master-plan-chapter-1/",
"accessed": "2026-10-22",
"locator": "Identification: four HLS questions; Assessment: initial ELPAC, IFEP, EL, RFEP",
"type": "district plan",
"status": "read",
"supports": [
"Home language and English learner classification are separate stages",
"First language, most frequent home language, caregiver-child language and adult home language are separate questions"
],
"limitations": "Undated current webpage; procedural details should be checked against September 2026 CDE change.",
"organization": "San Leandro Unified School District",
"date": "accessed 2026-10-22"
}
{
"id": "D06",
"publisher": "Castro Valley Unified School District",
"title": "CVUSD Community Connection Newsletter — August 15, 2026",
"url": "https://cv.k12.ca.us/index.php?articleID=83855428&pageID=smartSiteFeed&psqFeed=true",
"published": "2026-08-15",
"observationDate": "2026-08-05",
"accessed": "2026-10-22",
"locator": "From the Board Meeting / opening-school update",
"type": "district newsletter",
"status": "downloaded HTML and verified date",
"localFile": "cvusd-aug2026.html",
"supports": [
"Approximately 9,750 students representing 60 home languages as of August 5, 2026"
],
"limitations": "Rounded district-wide diversity statement; no distribution table or denominator for particular languages.",
"organization": "Castro Valley Unified School District",
"date": "2026-08-15"
}
{
"id": "D07",
"publisher": "Castro Valley Unified School District",
"title": "CVUSD Community Connection Newsletter — October 16, 2026",
"url": "https://www.cv.k12.ca.us/index.php?articleID=92793353&pageID=smartSiteFeed&psqFeed=true",
"published": "2026-10-16",
"accessed": "2026-10-22",
"locator": "Strengthening Support for Multilingual Learners",
"type": "district newsletter",
"status": "read",
"supports": [
"Approval of updated Comprehensive Plan for Multilingual Learners",
"Approximately 12 percent multilingual learners in district program context"
],
"limitations": "Underlying newly approved plan not recovered; no explicit category denominator in newsletter.",
"organization": "Castro Valley Unified School District",
"date": "2026-10-16"
}
Locator: Update notice; Home Language Survey section
Do not repeat older four-criterion procedures as current.
Full reference and retrieval details
https://www.cde.ca.gov/SP/ML/parentinfo.asp
{
"id": "D10",
"publisher": "California Department of Education",
"title": "Survey, Assessments, Programs, & Reclassification",
"url": "https://www.cde.ca.gov/SP/ML/parentinfo.asp",
"updated": "2026-09-27",
"accessed": "2026-10-22",
"locator": "Update notice; Home Language Survey section",
"type": "official guidance",
"status": "read via indexed primary-source text",
"supports": [
"HLS is screening for possible English proficiency assessment",
"Reclassification guidance changed September 2026"
],
"limitations": "Do not repeat older four-criterion procedures as current.",
"organization": "California Department of Education",
"date": "2026-09-27"
}
{
"id": "AL03",
"authors": [
"Viorica Marian",
"Henrike K. Blumenfeld",
"Margarita Kaushanskaya"
],
"title": "The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q): Assessing Language Profiles in Bilinguals and Multilinguals",
"date": "2007-08",
"journal": "Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research",
"volume": "50",
"issue": "4",
"pages": "940–967",
"doi": "10.1044/1092-4388(2007/067)",
"type": "peer-reviewed original validation study",
"url": "https://bilingualism.northwestern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/MarianBlumenfeldKaushanskaya.pdf",
"locator": "Abstract, printed p.940; Questionnaire appendix",
"access_status": "author-hosted full PDF; abstract, measurement sections read",
"applicability": "Language history and self-report",
"limitations": "Validation sample is not representative of all ages or literacy backgrounds.",
"accessed": "2026-10-22",
"organization": "Viorica Marian, Henrike K. Blumenfeld, Margarita Kaushanskaya"
}
{
"id": "AL07",
"authors": [
"Statistics Canada"
],
"title": "Language used most often at work of person 15 years or over",
"date": "2022-08-16",
"date_type": "page modified",
"standard_approved": "2009-04-20",
"type": "official statistical standard",
"url": "https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p3Var.pl?Function=DEC&Id=34028",
"locator": "Definition; Usage",
"access_status": "full page read",
"applicability": "Work-language measurement comparator",
"limitations": "Canadian standard; no Bay Area population evidence.",
"accessed": "2026-10-22",
"organization": "Statistics Canada"
}
Locator: Language spoken most often at home: printed pp.309–310; PDF indexes322–323; Language used most often at work: printed pp.310–312; PDF indexes323–325; Mother tongue: printed pp.312–313; PDF indexes325–326
